Toolpaths Programming in an Intelligent Step-NC Manufacturing Context

The current language for CNC programming is G-code which dates from the beginning of the eighties with the norm ISO 6983. With the new technologies, G-code becomes obsolete. It presents drawbacks that create a rupture in the numerical chain at the manufacturing step. A new standard, STEP-NC, aims to overtake these lacks. A STEP-NC file includes all the information for manufacturing, as geometry description of the entities, workplan, machining strategies, tools, etc. For rough pocket milling, the ISO norms propose different kind of classical strategies as bidirectional, parallel or spiral contour, etc. This paper describes a new way of toolpath programming by the repetition of a pattern all along a guide curve. It presents several advantages as building fastness and easiness. The integration of pattern strategies in STEP-NC standard is an other step for the development of these strategies but also for the enrichment of STEP-NC possibilities. A complete STEP-NC numerical chain was built, integrating these pattern strategies. The implementation of this approach of building pattern strategies was made by the development of tools for the complete manufacturing cycle, from the CAD file to the machined part. Several application cases were experimented on machine tool to validate this approach and the efficiency of the developped tools

TOOLPATHS PROGRAMMING IN AN INTELLIGENT STEP-NC MANUFACTURING CONTEXT

International audienceThe current language for CNC programming is G-code which dates from the beginning of the eighties with the norm ISO 6983. With the new technologies, G-code becomes obsolete. It presents drawbacks that create a rupture in the numerical chain at the manufacturing step. A new standard, STEP-NC, aims to overtake these lacks. A STEP-NC file includes all the information for manufacturing, as geometry description of the entities, workplan, machining strategies, tools, etc. For rough pocket milling, the ISO norms propose different kind of classical strategies as bidirectional, parallel or spiral contour, etc. This paper describes a new way of toolpath programming by the repetition of a pattern all along a guide curve. It presents several advantages as building fastness and easiness. The integration of pattern strategies in STEP-NC standard is an other step for the development of these strategies but also for the enrichment of STEP-NC possibilities. A complete STEP-NC numerical chain was built, integrating these pattern strategies. The implementation of this approach of building pattern strategies was made by the development of tools for the complete manufacturing cycle, from the CAD file to the machined part. Several application cases were experimented on machine tool to validate this approach and the efficiency of the developped tools

UNE PLATE-FORME STEP-NC POUR LA PROGRAMMATION AVANCEE ET INTELLIGENTE DES MACHINES OUTILS

National audienceLa programmation actuelle des machines outils à commandes numériques s'appuie sur le standard ISO 6983, ou code G, dont les principes datent du début des années 60. Ce standard désuet ne satisfait plus les attentes actuelles de la programmation de machines toujours plus évoluées et complexes. Le standard STEP-NC offre de nouvelles solutions et l'intégration de la fabrication au sein de la chaîne numérique complète. Ce papier expose les choix et la situation des travaux de l'IRCCyN dans ce domaine prometteur. Une plateforme interprétée STEP-NC a été développée pour pouvoir permettre des démonstrations de l'usinage STEP-NC sur machines outils actuelles. C'est aussi un outil de base pour les futurs travaux et implémentations liés au standard STEP-NC, en particulier en termes de simulation et d'optimisation de l'usinage, des parcours outils et des paramètres opératoires. Cette plateforme ouvre également la voie de travaux sur le concept de supervision multiprocess rendu possible par l'utilisation de la programmation de haut niveau orientée objet du standard STEP-NC

An eXtended Manufacturing Integrated System for feature based manufacturing with STEP-NC

International audienceCNC feature-based programming with STEP-NC standard extends the collaborative model of manufacturing data exchange all along the numerical data chain. This paper considers the mutations related to this approach from the manufacturing system level to the industrial enterprise as a whole. The eXtended Manufacturing Integrated System concept is introduced to fill in the gap of the current manufacturing data exchange bottleneck. It is composed of eXtended CAD and eXtended CNC systems to link the CAD model to the real machined part through the Manufacturing Information Pipeline. The contributions associated with these concepts are demonstrated through a validation platform implemented on industrial CNC manufacturing equipments

PROGRAMMATION AVANCEE DES MACHINES OUTILS :<br>IMPLEMENTATION DE L'USINAGE TROCHOIDAL ET DU TREFLAGE DANS LA CHAINE NUMERIQUE STEP-NC

Productivity on machine tools can be increased by improvement of programming them. Nowadays, the language used for programming is the G-code which dates from the beginning of the eighties with the norm ISO 6983. With the new technologies and possibilities offered, the G-code seems to be exceeded and presents drawbacks that create a rupture in the numerical chain at the manufacturing step. A new standard, the STEP-NC, is developed with the aim of landing in the lacks of G-code and to totally integer the numerical chain CAD-CAM-CNC.The objectives of our works here are to implement two new milling strategies in the STEP-NC standard: trochoïdal and plunge milling. For that, we proposed to build toolpaths by using a pattern that is repeated all along a guide curve. To show the feasibility of the implementation of milling patterned strategies in STEP-NC, we built a complete numerical chain that is able, from a CAD model, to create a STEP-NC file, to generate toolpaths and to manufacture parts on the machine tool. To generate the STEP-NC file, we implemented trochoïdal and plunge milling in PosSFP, the Korean software for shop floor programming. To validate all the tools we built in the STEP-NC numerical chain, we manufactured tests parts in trochoïdal milling.L'augmentation de la productivité sur machine à commande numérique passe, entre autre, par l'amélioration de la programmation de celles-ci. Le langage sur lequel se base actuellement cette programmation date du début des années 80 avec la norme 6983 qui définit les principes du code G. Ce dernier présente certains inconvénients aux vues des nouvelles stratégies d'usinage et crée une rupture de la chaîne numérique au niveau de la fabrication. Un nouveau format émergeant, le STEP-NC, voit le jour actuellement dans le but de palier aux manques du code G et d'intégrer complètement la chaîne CAO-FAO-CN. Nos travaux ont pour objectif d'implanter deux nouvelles stratégies d'usinage, le tréflage et l'usinage trochoïdal, au sein du format STEP-NC. Pour ceci, nous nous basons sur une description des trajectoires à l'aide de courbes à motif. La construction de ces courbes se fait par répétition d'un motif le long d'une courbe guide. Pour mettre en avant la faisabilité de l'implantation de ces stratégies à motifs dans le format STEP-NC, nous avons développé une chaîne numérique complète permettant, à partir du modèle CAO, de créer le fichier STEP-NC, de générer les trajectoires et d'usiner la pièce sur machine à commande numérique. Une partie de l'intégration de l'usinage trochoïdal et du tréflage dans le format STEP-NC a été réalisé par implémentation dans le logiciel PosSFP, en collaboration avec le laboratoire de l'université de Postech en Corée. Plusieurs pièces tests ont ensuite été usinées pour valider l'ensemble de la chaîne numérique STEP-NC complète dans le cas de l'usinage trochoïdal

Intégration de la programmation basée entités pour la fabrication sur machines à commandes numériques dans un contexte multi-process

These research works aim at integrating feature based manufacturing for Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machine Tool programming. This emerging programming method is based on the concepts conveyed by STEP-NC standard associated with ISO 14649 norm. Four main research axis are proposed. The first one deals with the evolution of current programming to feature based programming and the development of STEP-NC standard. For this, we proposed two main contributions to STEP-NC standard in the frame of our participation to the ISO 14649 normative committee: the first one is the integration of toolpaths generation pattern strategies with application to trochoïdal and plunge milling; the second one is the participation to the development of the STEP-NC machine tool functional model. The second axis focuses on the evolution of the manufacturing system to benefit from feature based programming. We propose a concept of eXtended Manufacturing Integrated System (XMIS) composed of the eXtended CAD and eXtended CNC systems. In the third axis, we enlarge the study to the multi-process context by the integration of several manufacturing processes in a unique STEP-NC workplan. We also study simulation tools management with the description of simulation spaces concept. The last axis presents the development of the STEP-NC Platform for Advanced and Intelligent Manufacturing (SPAIM) for validation and implementation of the concepts presented in this thesis. It integrates feature based programming from the model to the real part manufactured on industrial resources. It also shows the multidirectional impact of modifications all along the manufacturing numerical chain.Les travaux présentés portent sur l'intégration de la programmation basée entités des machines-outils à commande numérique (MOCN). Cette programmation émergente s'appuie sur les concepts véhiculés par le standard STEP-NC et la norme ISO 14649. Quatre axes de recherche sont proposés. Le premier concerne l'évolution de la programmation actuelle vers la programmation basée entités et l'enrichissement du standard STEP-NC. Pour ceci, nous proposons deux contributions principales au standard STEP-NC dans le cadre de notre participation au comité normatif de l'ISO 14649 : l'intégration de stratégies d'usinage à motifs avec pour application l'usinage trochoïdal et le tréflage, et l'élaboration d'un modèle fonctionnel STEP-NC des MOCN. Le deuxième axe se focalise sur l'évolution du système de fabrication pour tirer profit de la programmation basée entités. Nous proposons un concept de système étendu de fabrication intégrée XMIS (eXtended Manufacturing Integrated System) ainsi qu'une déclinaison concrète à travers la CAO étendue et la CN étendue. Au cours du troisième axe, nous étendons l'étude à l''intégration de plusieurs procédés au sein d'une même gamme de fabrication STEP-NC et étudions l'organisation des outils de simulation dans ce contexte multi-process avec la description d'espaces de simulation. Le quatrième axe porte sur la validation et la mise en œuvre des concepts proposés avec le développement de la plate-forme SPAIM (STEP-NC Platform for Advanced and Intelligent Manufacturing) qui intégre la programmation basée entités du modèle à la pièce usinée sur des moyens industriels et montre l'impact multidirectionnel des modifications tout au long de la chaîne numérique

Achieving a STEP-NC-Enabled Advanced NC Programming Environment

Modern manufacturing requires a flexible numerical chain of industrial products, in particular the relationships between CAD/CAM solutions and CNC. On longer can CNC controllers restrain their tasks at the execution of inflexible orders and choices made at earlier stages of the numerical chain. Thus, in a STEP-compliant environment, the CNC controller possesses a broad decision-making power to optimize the NC programming according to the machining equipment properties. The NC programming environment has then to face new challenges. In the first part of the chapter, an implementation method leading to STEP-NC advanced manufacturing is proposed. This approach is divided into three successive sceneries of STEP-NC deployment for progressive improvements. Industrial concerns can also use STEPcompliant applications with their current machining equipment. In the second part of the chapter, the STEP-NC Platform for Advanced and Intelligent Programming (SPAIM) developed at IRCCyN is presented. This platform controls current industrial machine tools directly from STEP-NC files, which benefits from this new data model. It also includes new tool-paths programming methods, such as pattern strategies for trochoidal milling and plunging tool-paths. The platform demonstrates the benefits of STEP-NC for industry and also forms a basis for future STEP-NC related research and validation

Simulation and optimization in a multi-process environment using STEP-NC

International audienceWith STEP-NC object oriented programming standard, the next generation of CNC controllers promises to be more open, intelligent and interoperable. This standard totally integrates CNC into the CAD-CAM-CNC numerical chain and is an opportunity to be a common support for various manufacturing processes. New possibilities are offered at the CNC level to make machine tools more autonomous, to perform intelligent part program generation, to increase the productivity and the adaptability in an intelligent multi-process environment. This paper gives a proposal for multi-process manufacturing using STEP-NC as the optimal data model for process planning, process specificities and inter-processes simulation spaces

An advanced STEP-NC controller for intelligent machining processes

Major improvements in high speed machining technologies are not followed by suitable evolutions of the programming standard ISO 6983, also called G-code. New STEP-NC standard aims at performing high level intelligent NC programming adapted to modern machining issues. The integration of manufacturing level in the numerical chain CAD-CAM-Simulation-CNC allows the implementation of a unique file gathering of all the needed information of a part that is directly machined without post-processing. In this paper, the authors show the new possibilities in terms of the following criteria: integrating simulation and optimization of the machining parameters, providing feedback to CNC controller, allowing modifications of the geometry and machining parameters on the CNC, computing new algorithms for tool-paths generation, adaptation to machine structure and characteristics, etc. A STEP-NC interface has been developed for CNC machine tools. It enables parts machining from a STEP-NC file and integrates several new possibilities and opens the way of intelligent high level programming including the machine model and an adaptation to machining real conditions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.X115056sciescopu

BioTIME:a database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene

Abstract Motivation: The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included: The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain: BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km² (158 cm²) to 100 km² (1,000,000,000,000 cm²). Time period and grain: BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement: BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. Software format: .csv and .SQL